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Title IX: Falling short at听50

Despite tremendous gains during the past five decades, many colleges and universities fall short of Title IX, leaving women struggling for equity.

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91影视鈥檚 鈥淭itle IX: Falling short at 50鈥 exposes how top 91影视 colleges and universities still fail to live up to the landmark law that bans sexual discrimination in education. Title IX, which turned 50 in summer 2022, requires equity across a broad range of areas in academics and athletics. Despite tremendous gains during the past five decades, many colleges and universities fall short, leaving women struggling for equal footing.

What happens if a school doesn鈥檛 comply with Title IX? Not a whole lot.

Illustration of student stuck in hourglass and red tape

Enforcement of the federal gender-equity law is essentially toothless, mired in red tape and delays as aggrieved students wait years for relief. Read the story

Enforcement of the federal gender-equity law is essentially toothless, mired in red tape and delays as aggrieved students wait years for relief.
Enforcement of the federal gender-equity law is essentially toothless, mired in red tape and delays as aggrieved students wait years for relief. Illustration: Andrea Brunty, 91影视 Network, and Getty Images

Colleges expel few sexual misconduct offenders while survivors suffer

Tens of thousands of sexual misconduct reports filed across dozens of colleges led to just 1,094 students suspended and 594 expelled over seven years. Read the story

How many students did your university suspend or expel for sexual misconduct under Title听IX?

Data illustration

Explore the results of a first-of-its-kind data analysis of Title IX case outcomes from dozens of the nation鈥檚 largest public universities. Explore the data

See how many students colleges suspended or expelled for sex misconduct.
See how many students colleges suspended or expelled for sex misconduct. 91影视

She reported him for rape, but he stayed on campus and struck again

Illustration of woman being silenced

Marshall University didn鈥檛 expel a student after a rape claim. Victims reveal how the school failed them under Title IX. Read the story

A Marshall University student is in prison for rape. His victims reveal how the school failed them.
A Marshall University student is in prison for rape. His victims reveal how the school failed them. Illustration: Andrea Brunty, 91影视 Network, and Getty Images

Female athletes stiffed on scholarship money at top US colleges

Illustration of men having more scholarship money

The schools that cheated women of their fair share should have given them $23.7 million more in athletic scholarships in 2020-21, 91影视 found. Read the story

Female athletes stiffed on scholarships at some of the biggest colleges in the country.
Female athletes stiffed on scholarships at some of the biggest colleges in the country. Illustration: Andrea Brunty, 91影视 Network; and Getty Images

5 charts show athletic scholarships鈥 bias toward football 鈥 and against women

Illustration of football

While most football and basketball players receive full-ride scholarships, many athletes' aid falls short of covering their college costs. Explore the graphics

Promo image for athletic scholarships
Promo image for athletic scholarships 91影视

Women still underrepresented in college sports 50 years after Title IX

Many of the nation鈥檚听top football colleges don鈥檛 give enough roster spots to women. Read the investigation

鈥楽addest fact鈥 on Title IX anniversary: Schools say women well represented in sports. It鈥檚 not even close.
鈥楽addest fact鈥 on Title IX anniversary: Schools say women well represented in sports. It鈥檚 not even close. Illustration

Padding the numbers

Illustration of women in sports over the past 50 years

Title IX was intended to close the gender gap in college athletics. But schools are rigging the numbers. Read the investigation

Title IX was intended to close the gender gap in college athletics. But schools are rigging the numbers.
Title IX was intended to close the gender gap in college athletics. But schools are rigging the numbers. Illustration: Andrea Brunty, 91影视 Network, and Getty Images

Explore the timeline

Title IX aimed to get women into grad schools. Over 50 years, it shaped their role in sports. Learn more

Title IX aimed to get women into grad schools. Over 50 years, it shaped college sports.
Title IX aimed to get women into grad schools. Over 50 years, it shaped college sports. Illustration: Andrea Brunty, 91影视; The 19th; Photos: AP, Getty Images, 91影视

Is your school skirting Title IX鈥檚 intent?

Cards showing college data

See which colleges inflated their women's rosters to look more balanced and how they did it. Explore the analysis

How to game the numbers for Title IX

Illustration of woman jumping over hurdle

You're the new athletic director at Big State University. How can you make your women's sports rosters look bigger without adding any new teams?听Explore the graphic novel

Schools use different tactics to inflate numbers on their women's sports rosters.
Schools use different tactics to inflate numbers on their women's sports rosters. Illustration: Todd Pendleton, 91影视 Network

Breaking down the roster numbers

Illustration of women rowing with mirrors depicting extra rowers

College athletic programs rely on three key methods to boost women's roster spots without adding new teams or athletes.听Explore the data

Title IX promo image
Title IX promo image 91影视

鈥楾hey鈥檝e had 50 years to figure it out鈥

Illustration of basketballs on a scale

Despite progress driven by Title IX, colleges devote fewer resources to women鈥檚 sports, based on a first-of-its-kind data analysis by 91影视. Read the investigation

Title IX disparities in major college sports are too big to ignore.
Title IX disparities in major college sports are too big to ignore. Illustration: Andrea Brunty/91影视 Network, and Getty Images

Funding of college sports falls short of law鈥檚 promise to听women

Football player climbing coin stacks

Eight charts detail the disparities in spending on men鈥檚 and women鈥檚 sports in similar major college programs. Explore the graphics

Title IX: Analysis shows funding for women's sports still falls short.
Title IX: Analysis shows funding for women's sports still falls short. Jim Sergent, 91影视

Inside the numbers

Searchable data offers glimpse into how colleges short-change women鈥檚 sports. Search the data

Q&A听on law鈥檚 impact

Misconceptions persist about how Title IX is enforced, what protections it affords women, and if it鈥檚 unfair to male athletes. Read the Q&A

Title IX: 'Revolutionary' legislation, but inequalities still exist 50 years later
Half a century after the passage of Title IX, female students and athletes still struggle to achieve equality in important ways.
Jasper Colt and Hank Farr, 91影视
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